Eva Tovar Hirashima
PGY3
Harvard Affiliated Emergency Medicine Residency
Mexico City, Mexico
I�ve been here for almost 3 weeks. On the second day of the trip, I was surprised to find out that one of the shelters I was intended to work in, located close to Mexico City in a town called Huehuetoca, had to be closed down 3 days before my arrival for security reasons. A shooting happened inside the shelter, it�s still unclear if it was the Maras or the Zetas, I�m an amateur to the violence and cannot understand the difference, but a bullet is a bullet regardless its origin.
To set the context, Mexico is a country of origin, transit and destination for migrants. In 2010, according to estimates derived from Mexico�s National Migration System 140,000 Central Americans entered Mexico without documents. Migrants face a variety of human rights violations and are at risk for extortion, abduction, rape, murder and forced recruitment into criminal gangs. Based on the official numbers, women constitute around 15-20%, however an interesting piece of unofficial information that I�ve come across during this trip is that the percentage of women, decreases the further north you travel; it�s unclear why they disappear, how it happens or where they go. Regardless or as a reflection of the former, women are especially vulnerable facing serious risk of abuse and sexual violence by criminals, other migrants and corrupt public officials. Accurate figures regarding the magnitude of sexual violence in migrant women are inexistent nonetheless human right organizations estimate that 6 in 10 women and girls experience sexual violence during their journey. The long term goal of the project is to figure out a way to provide victims of sexual violence accessible, appropriate and impartial medical management. I�m currently on the initial phases, and the objective of this trip is to gather qualitative data regarding the problem by interviewing migrant women in shelters.
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| Convenience store in Huehuetoca called "the border"...it starts before you know it! |
I haven�t had much luck finding women, the initial closure of the shelter and the increase in security checks have been an obstacle for the interviews. I spent some time visiting the parish in Huehuetoca, where I had to relinquish my Harvard student ID, in order to speak with the priest about the project. The reason for the visit was because the shelter (as most migrant shelters in Mexico) is run by the Catholic Church. The first thing I was told was �No cameras, no photos of migrants, it�s too dangerous�. After the necessary introductions, I found myself talking about female/male condoms, post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) etc., and I have to admit that listening to my voice as it echoed in the office of high ceilings made me wonder if what I was saying could be interpreted as sacrilegious. But he and his assistant listened, and when it came to their turn to speak, the panoply of necessities, intermingled with specific anecdotes to stress their point, came pouring out: strengthening security measures, legal assistance, medical care, prenatal care (any type of medical care!) were but a few of their requests. I reemphasized that I was there to gather qualitative data. They understood and now I�m waiting for the approval of the bishop to gain entrance to the shelter.
Serendipity led me to an exceptional man, who is not a priest, or a doctor, or a lawyer. He�s a simple man who in the 80s also became a migrant. He lived in the US and after saving enough money to build his house, returned to Mexico, his home-country. His town is close to the train tracks. The train, also known as �La Bestia� or �The Beast�, is one of the main modes of transportation because it�s free, and the railroad crosses the country from south to north. Migrants travel clandestinely on the train roofs. The journey can be tough, the lack of food and the changes in weather (cold in the mountainous regions, hot and humid in the tropics) are but two of the challenges they face in a daily basis. This exceptional man, that will remain nameless for now, understood this and for the last 12 years has been distributing plastic bags filled with bottles of water, oranges and bread. I witnessed his wife, daughters and grandsons prepping the bags, running to the tracks, signaling to let the rest know which train cars have people, and finally handing the bags to the migrants or throwing the bags into the train because most of the time the train will not stop and the bags need to reach their destination. At the end of that day, the exceptional man, smiled with his toothless smile and told me with pride that the cause of his missing teeth was not diabetes (which he has been diagnosed for a while but hasn�t received care for the last 2 years because of lack of money) but the multiple falls he�s suffered chasing �La Bestia�.
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| "La Bestia" approaches! |
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| Distribution of food and water along the tracks |
The lack of women to interview feels eerie but it has made me diversify. I�ve been in contact with a small shelter in Mexico city (it only has 10 beds) and now I�m working on strengthening the alliances of it with a clinic in Mexico city which provides free care (including PPE for HIV when applicable) to victims of sexual violence. The clinic has agreed to manage migrants regardless of their migratory status in cases of sexual assault as long as they�re able to go to the clinic.
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| Migrant shelter in Mexico City |
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| Street performance organized by the shelter to raise awareness regarding gender violence |
In addition, I�m working on establishing a network of local physicians that are available to the shelter for medical advice. Some days, things seem slow and unattainable, and I�m inclined to think that migrants are unreachable but I remember the words I just heard a few days ago: �People like to call them invisible, but I don�t think it�s accurate, I see them every day on the tracks.�
